Xoloitzcuintli: Dog Breed Information and Traits

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Also known as the Mexican Hairless Dog, the Xoloitzcuintli (pronounced show-low-eetz-kweent-lee) is one of the world’s oldest and rarest breeds. Steeped in a history that spans over 3,000 years, the Xolo, as it’s affectionately called, was considered sacred by the Aztecs, Toltecs, and Mayans, often associated with the deity Xolotl and believed to guide the deceased through the underworld. Coming in three sizes – toy, miniature, and standard – and two varieties – hairless and coated – the Xolo’s unique appearance and warm, loyal nature make it a truly distinctive companion.

The Xoloitzcuintli is a member of the AKC Non-Sporting Group.

Breed Characteristics

Dog Breed	Xoloitzcuintli
Breed Popularity (AKC)	116
Country of Origin	Mexico
Personality	Intelligent, energetic, playful, good-natured
Life Expectancy	13-18 yrs
Height	10-23 in
Weight	10-55 lbs
Color	Black, Red
Coat	Coated and Hairless
Shedding	Infrequent
Grooming	Occasional Bath/Brush
Health Problems	Dental problems, eye issues, skin allergies
Trainability	Agreeable
Exercise Needs	Energetic

Xoloitzcuintli History

Originating in Mexico, the Xoloitzcuintli, often shortened to Xolo, is one of the world’s oldest and rarest breeds. With a history spanning over 3,000 years, they were considered sacred by the Aztecs and Toltecs. Known for their hairless appearance, they come in three sizes and are both loyal and calm.

Temperament

Xoloitzcuintlis, often simply called ‘Xolos’, are calm and loyal. They exhibit moderate intelligence, responding well to consistent training. Their behavior is affectionate, thriving in companionship. They have a moderate energy level and enjoy relaxed activities. Socialization from a young age ensures they maintain a good demeanor. Their barking tendencies are low, vocalizing primarily when seeking attention.

Remember, while breed traits provide a general idea, individual dogs can have personalities that differ from the breed standard. Always spend time getting to know the dog and ensure their needs and temperament align with your lifestyle.

Grooming Requirements

The Xoloitzcuintli, often hairless, requires specific skincare, including regular bathing with a gentle dog shampoo to remove dirt and prevent skin issues. For coated varieties, occasional brushing is necessary. Regular grooming tasks include nail trimming, ear cleaning, and periodic checks for skin conditions.

Xoloitzcuintli Health

Xoloitzcuintlis, with a lifespan of 13-18 years, can be predisposed to skin issues and dental problems. Regular health checks, vaccinations, and flea prevention are key. A high-quality diet and attention to potential food allergies, especially affecting their skin, are essential.

Exercise Needs

Xoloitzcuintlis, often known as the Mexican Hairless, have moderate energy levels. Regular walks and playtime are generally sufficient for them. Dog parks can offer a good environment for socialization, but it’s essential to ensure they are comfortable, especially in colder climates due to their lack of fur. Bonding through gentle play and relaxation can strengthen your bond with this ancient breed.

Training

Often referred to as the ‘Mexican Hairless Dog’, the Xoloitzcuintli is ancient and revered. Gentle obedience training complements their calm and attentive nature. Commands for potty training should be reinforced with patience. Crate training provides them a warm retreat, especially for the hairless variety. Addressing behavior problems, like their occasional stubbornness, is pivotal. Early socialization ensures they maintain their role as both sacred guardians and loving companions.